When we are working with a child and who may be being exploited, we should always consider completing an NRM (National Referral Mechanism). This is a process that must be completed by a first responder (police, local authority worker, some recognised charities). Under Section 52 of Modern Slavery Act 2015 (legislation.gov.uk), if there are signs or indicators of Modern Slavery then practitioners must submit an NRM referral. On consideration of whether a child has been trafficked there should be a multi-agency discussion and the first responder should use this to inform the NRM.
A child does not need to consent to a NRM referral but if they are still in the process when they turn 18, they must consent to remain in the process. The benefits of the NRM are that it allows for a central agency to collate data on where the risks are, and the number of children affected. This can in turn contribute towards resource allocation and research. Additionally, by referring a child we are supporting the process of them being seen as a victim and in need of protection and support. The NRM can provide a Section 45 defence against some crimes committed as part of exploitation such as theft, drug possession etc. This again helps to protect the child from being criminalised through their exploitation.
If you think a child is being exploited, and they are likely to have been trafficked as part of that exploitation (movement from one place to another) then you should complete an NRM.
Best practice would be for this to be discussed within a multi-agency meeting or case discussion, and to include the views of school, police, health, and social care. However, this should not create delay.
NRMs are completed by First Responders this includes any local authority worker, the police and certain charities.
National referral mechanism guidance: adult (England and Wales) - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
What is the NRM? And Why is it Useful?
What is the NRM?
- Framework to identify potential victims of modern slavery in the UK
- A process to ensure that victim’s receive appropriate support and protection
- A tool that allows us to monitor and record the scale of modern slavery (that we know about!) as well as to map themes and trends in
Why is it useful?
The NRM allows for the child to be seen within the context of exploitation, and as vulnerable.
The NRM can provide a defence against some crimes committed whilst being trafficked/exploited.
The NRM allows for other agencies to see the child as someone who is at risk.
The NRM, for consenting adults, can provide accommodation and support.
National referral mechanism guidance: adult (England and Wales) - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
Top tips for the NRM:
Give details of peers where relevant
Be succinct and be aware of the importance of the language that you use
What, how, why
Do not attach lots of meeting notes etc
Include addresses, locations, and intel on perpetrator (nicknames etc)
learning needs/vulnerabilities
Get a copy of the Reasonable Grounds Decision (RGD) you will need the details!
Update all relevant professionals when the RGD is received
A child is entitled to the same response with a positive RGD as they are with a positive conclusive grounds decision.
Update the Single Competent Authority (SCA) with all relevant information including missing episodes and court dates if applicable
Use the NRM reference in all correspondence with the SCA
ICTG service referral form | Barnardo's (barnardos.org.uk)